Drafting
1. Developing an Argument
Developing a Central Claim (Duke)
This Writing Studio handout shows you how to shape humble beginnings into a strong central claim.
Making an Academic Argument (Duke)
This Powerpoint presentation emphasizes three key elements in a persuasive argument: claims, evidence, and warrants. You'll find the accompanying annotated text sample here. Consider attending other workshops or peruse them online.
Roadmaps (Duke)
This handout discusses tips for providing clear signals and signposts to readers as you guide them through your argument.2. Paragraphs and Transitions
The Paragraph (Purdue)
This site offers advice on structuring paragraphs to maximize their efficacy, focusing on unity, coherence, topic sentences, and paragraph development.
Paragraphing: The MEAL Plan (Duke)
One way to envision a body paragraph is as a "complete MEAL," with the components being the paragraph's Main idea, Evidence, Analysis, and Link back to the larger claim.
Introductions (UNC)
Your first and best opportunity to captivate readers, introductions are sometimes very difficult to write. This site offers multiple suggestions for drafting successful introductions, including the option of writing your introduction last.
Closing Paragraphs (Duke)
Closing paragraphs are closely connected with introductions and just as difficult to write. This Writing Studio handout provides some suggestions for how to leave your readers satisfied.
Writing Effective Transitions (UNC)
Create smooth connections between sentences, paragraphs, and sections of your paper.
Going Beyond the Five-Paragraph Essay (Cal Poly Pomona)
You spent all that time in high school learning to write five-paragraph essays; why would you stop now? This website explains the limitations of this format.
3. Style Concerns
You don't need to wait until you revise to start thinking about style. Considering whether to use I/we or to shun first-person pronouns? Trying to avoid gendered language? Hoping to write more concisely? Check out style advice here.
Working With Sources (Duke)
The Writing Studio recommends these links on how to evaluate, critically read, quote, and cite the texts you use.